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Introduction As cities continue to expand, urban development increasingly takes place on challenging soil conditions such as reclaimed land, soft clay, or areas with fluctuating groundwater levels. These factors make structural settlement one of the most pressing concerns in construction. Settlement not only threatens the durability of buildings but also compromises the […]

Introduction As cities continue to expand, urban development increasingly takes place on challenging soil conditions such as reclaimed land, soft clay, or areas with fluctuating groundwater levels. These factors make structural settlement one of the most pressing concerns in construction. Settlement not only threatens the durability of buildings but also compromises the […]

Introduction As cities continue to expand, urban development increasingly takes place on challenging soil conditions such as reclaimed land, soft clay, or areas with fluctuating groundwater levels. These factors make structural settlement one of the most pressing concerns in construction. Settlement not only threatens the durability of buildings but also compromises the […]

Introduction As cities continue to expand, urban development increasingly takes place on challenging soil conditions such as reclaimed land, soft clay, or areas with fluctuating groundwater levels. These factors make structural settlement one of the most pressing concerns in construction. Settlement not only threatens the durability of buildings but also compromises the […]